Bone Marrow Tests Test
Bone marrow tests check if your bone marrow is making the right amounts of healthy blood cells. They help diagnose and monitor blood disorders, bone marrow diseases, and some cancers.
What this test measures
Bone marrow tests measure the health and function of your bone marrow, including its ability to produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The tests examine samples of bone marrow fluid and tissue for signs of disease.
What your results mean
Reference ranges vary by laboratory and by your age and sex. MedlinePlus does not publish a single normal range for this test — always read your result against the range printed on your own lab report and discuss it with your provider.
Frequently asked questions
What are bone marrow tests used for?
According to MedlinePlus, bone marrow tests help find the cause of too many or too few blood cells, or blood cells that don't look normal. They can diagnose blood and bone marrow disorders, certain cancers, and monitor treatment.
How is a bone marrow sample collected?
MedlinePlus states that a sample is usually taken from the back of your hip. There are two types: bone marrow aspiration removes a small amount of fluid and cells, and bone marrow biopsy removes a small piece of bone and marrow. They are often done at the same time.
What conditions can bone marrow tests diagnose?
According to MedlinePlus, these tests can help diagnose anemia (when cause is unknown), hemochromatosis, myelodysplastic syndromes, polycythemia vera, platelet disorders, and cancers like leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma.
How long does it take to get results?
MedlinePlus says it may take several days or even weeks to get your bone marrow test results.
What do abnormal bone marrow test results mean?
MedlinePlus explains that if results are not normal, you may need more tests to confirm a diagnosis or decide on treatment. If you already have a disease, results can show how well treatment is working or if it is causing side effects.
Related lab tests
Sources
- MedlinePlus: Bone Marrow Tests — NIH MedlinePlus
Last updated . Information is aggregated from official public sources and is not a substitute for professional medical care.