Acute Flaccid Myelitis

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare but serious neurologic disease that affects the gray matter of the spinal cord, causing muscles and reflexes to become weak. It is sometimes called a "polio-like" illness but is not caused by polioviruses.

Symptoms

• Arm or leg weakness
• Loss of muscle tone and reflexes
• Facial drooping/weakness
• Trouble moving the eyes
• Drooping eyelids
• Trouble swallowing
• Slurred speech
• Pain in the arms, legs, back, or neck
• Respiratory failure (severe)

Causes

AFM can be caused by several different viruses, including enteroviruses, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses. Most people had a mild respiratory illness or fever before getting AFM.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis may involve a neurologic exam, MRI of the spinal cord and brain, lab tests on cerebrospinal fluid, and nerve conduction/EMG studies. Tests should be done as soon as possible after symptoms start.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for AFM. A neurologist may recommend treatments for specific symptoms.

Lifestyle

• Physical therapy
• Occupational therapy

When to see a doctor

If you or your child develops any symptoms of AFM, get medical care right away.